In this test, urine is centrifuged at relatively low speed (about 2-3,000 rpm) for 5-10 minutes so the solid materials sediment at the bottom. The sediment is spread on a slide and looked at under a microscope.
Red or white blood cells.
Blood cells are not found in urine normally. Inflammation, disease, or injury to the kidneys, ureters, bladder, or urethra can cause blood in urine. Strenuous exercise, such as running a marathon, can also cause blood in the urine. White blood cells may be a sign of infection or kidney disease.
Casts.
Some types of kidney disease can cause plugs of material (called casts) to form in kidneys (in the distal convoluted tubule (DCT) or the collecting duct ). The casts then get flushed out in the urine. Casts can be made of red or white blood cells, waxy or fatty substances (mucus), or protein. The type of cast in the urine can help show what type of kidney disease may be present.
Hyaline Cast
Red Cell CastsCrystals.
Healthy people often have only a few crystals in their urine. A large number of crystals, or certain types of crystals, may mean kidney stones are present or there is a problem with body metabolism.
Oxalate CrystalsBacteria, yeast cells, or parasites.
There are no bacteria, yeast cells, or parasites in urine normally.
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